The credentials presented by the British ambassador, Stewart Eldon, in 2003, were addressed to the President of Ireland.[82]. The Meiji Restoration transformed Japan into something new: a modern nation-state. This finally happened in 1981.[40]. Research done into the DNA of the Irish has shown that our old understanding of where the population of Ireland originated may have been misguided. Committee on Finance. Responding for the British government in the House of Lords, Lord Dubs explained that the new practice of referring to the Irish state by the name Ireland:[88]. Agreeing with Lord Glentoran's observation, Lord Rooker responded: So far there has been no domestic British legislation explicitly providing that Ireland may be used as a name for the Irish state for the purposes of domestic British law. [47] These suggestions never became widely used but are noteworthy for showing how fluid names for the territory were at the time. De Valera's use of the name Éire as well as the wording of Article 4 were sharply criticised. The term Poblacht na hÉireann is the one used in the Easter Proclamation of 1916. [92][93] "[13], The Annals of the Four Masters describe how Ireland was referred to in ancient times[citation needed]. When the Republic of Ireland Act was enacted, the United Kingdom cabinet debated whether it should use the new name in preference to "Eire". [78], For its part, the Irish government also disputed the right of the British state to call itself the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. This is seen in the English-language preamble of the Constitution. [55] It so happened that the Constitution would come into force when the Westminster Parliament was adjourned over the Christmas. Despite not changing the name, when the Republic of Ireland Act was passed, the name Éire quickly fell into disuse (except in the Irish language). [70] The UK government had been centrally involved in preparing the treaty which was signed in London and established the Council of Europe. For the Irish, Republic of Ireland was still not the name of the state, merely its description. (This agreement was made at the same time as the British-Irish Agreement). The Constitution review group's 1967 report discusses Article 4:[39]. Opposition politicians immediately proposed that the word Ireland be substituted for the word Éire throughout the English text. Thus, while sometimes encouraging the use of the name Éire even in English, de Valera's government insisted at other times on the use of the name Ireland. Dáil Éireann – Volume 113 – 26 November 1948 The Republic of Ireland Bill (Resumed). But in reality, … His government also appreciated the significance of the name Ireland. [40][41] In 1967, the AAUE merged with most of the rival NACA to form Bord Lúthchleas na hÉireann (BLÉ). The UK was by the mid-1960s the only country not to refer to the state as Ireland. In the decades prior to the change to Articles 2 and 3, the forms "Ireland (32 counties)" and "Ireland (26 counties)" had some official use. The Irish state joined the United Nations in 1955 as Ireland over protests concerning its name by the United Kingdom. De Valera's decision to generally use the name Éire was sometimes severely criticised as a poor choice of name. [British-Irish tripartite agreement on Trade, Finance and Defence. "Irish Republic" is commonly used as a name for the state in Britain but disliked in the Republic, where "Irish Republic" refers to the revolutionary state of the First Dáil in 1919. Country names: The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British official use. [30], It is sometimes said[by whom?] Saorstát, on the other hand, was a compound of the words: saor (meaning "free") and stát ("state"). However, in her letter to President of the European Council Donald Tusk invoking Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union to give effect to Brexit, Prime Minister Theresa May used the term Republic of Ireland: The names attributed to the state by the British media are sometimes the subject of discussion in the state. Through the centuries, Ireland has been known by many names. They argued that Ireland was the name known by every European country; that the name should not be surrendered; that the name Ireland might instead be adopted by Northern Ireland; and that the choice of Éire might damage the status of the state internationally by drawing a "distinction between the state...and what has been known for centuries as Ireland". These names were not discussed in the parliamentary debates on the Constitution. [54], In the run up to the adoption of the new Irish Constitution which took effect on 29 December 1937, the British Cabinet considered how to respond as regards the new name. This section concerns a protracted dispute which existed between the Irish and British governments over the official names of their respective states: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. We want to avoid a return to a hard border between our two countries, to be able to maintain the Common Travel Area between us, and to make sure that the UK’s withdrawal from the EU does not harm the Republic of Ireland. Seanad Éireann – Volume 36–15 December 1948, The Republic of Ireland Bill, 1948—Committee and Final Stages. He asked the Taoiseach, John Costello to clear up "what exactly is the name of this State going to be in international documents, international agreements and matters of that kind. There is, perhaps, at least an ambiguity in the Article that provides a colourable pretext for this misuse. The state joined the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in 1973. [89] A House of Lords debate, ten years later in May 2008, on Regulations governing political donations by Irish citizens and bodies to political parties in Northern Ireland, is a good example of this. Their participants called themselves Fenian (from the ancient Irish fían – the legendary military squad of the ancient Irish). : Northern Ireland) Order 2008", https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/country-names, Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 1990 (as amended), "Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 2009", "Prime Minister's letter to Donald Tusk triggering Article 50", "Telegraph Style Book: Places and peoples", "Economist Style Guide: Countries and Inhabitants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Names_of_the_Irish_state&oldid=1015162049, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2014, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 30 March 2021, at 23:15. In this lesson, we will learn about how industrialization spread from Great Britain to other parts of the world. A parliamentary secretary for the Government, Ivor Thomas, explained the position as follows: The practice in other Commonwealth countries varied: At the outset at least, it appears South Africa and Canada used the name Ireland while New Zealand favoured Eire. 634 of 2005), Undoubtedly, the Irish government's desire to unite the territory of the island influenced its choice of the name, I.S.C. From the second half of 1950, the Irish government reverted to consistently styling itself the Government of Ireland. [27][31], After the adoption of the Constitution, de Valera's government generally encouraged use of the name Éire (rather than Ireland) but not always. In the English language the name of this State is "Ireland" and is so prescribed by Article 4 of the Constitution. However, it didn't always work out that way - especially closer to home. In the title of the Agreement, the two governments used their respective domestic law names, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Ireland. [38] Synonyms, crossword answers and other related words for REPUBLIC OF IRELAND CAPITAL [dublin] We hope that the following list of synonyms for the word dublin will help you to finish your crossword today. [68] This has meant that the Republic of Ireland is the only name for the Irish state officially provided for in domestic UK law. Irish republicans, and other opponents of Partition, often refer to the state as the "Twenty-Six Counties" or "26 Counties" (with Northern Ireland as the "Six Counties" or "6 Counties") and sometimes as the "Free State" (a reference to the pre-1937 state). [86] The following is an extract from Walsh's judgement: The dispute between the UK and Irish governments over the names of their respective states now appears to have been resolved. The one issue, however, that blocked the exchange of ambassadors had been the insistence of Australia that the letters carried by the Irish ambassador should have the royal title as "Elizabeth the Second, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Australia and Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen." [1] From 1922 to 1937, its legal name was 'the Irish Free State'. Consequently, other formal and informal names have been (and are) used when it is necessary to distinguish between the territory of the state and the island as a whole. According to Mary Daly, this directive remained in use for a number of years. Instead, the parties agreed the state would be a self-governing Dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations. Flags. The designation in the Air Services Agreement was used in order to comply with the provisions of the law of the United Kingdom and of Eire respectively. Other times alternative names are chosen for political reasons. [35] These criticisms were aired at length in the Oireachtas when the Republic of Ireland Act was being debated. It has been almost a year since the first case of Covid-19 was confirmed in the Republic of Ireland. 1(49) – Meeting held on 12 January 1949. "[36], Despite these criticisms, de Valera initially called for the proposed Irish description of the state, Poblacht na h-Éireann to also be inserted into the English text of the Act in the same way both the Irish and English names of the state are used in Article 4. Catriona Crowe; Ronan Fanning; Dermot Keogh; Eunan O'Halpin; and Michael Kennedy: Dáil Éireann – Volume 96 – 11 April 1945 -Ceisteanna—Questions, Dáil Éireann – Volume 113 – 24 November 1948 The Republic of Ireland Bill, 1948—Second Stage. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St … Indeed shortly before the Second World War, the Northern Ireland government attempted to adopt the name Ulster but were rebutted by London. Most of the island is made up of Ireland (Irish: Éire, also known as Poblacht na hÉireann = the Republic of Ireland). In 1950, following the declaration of a republic the Irish and Canadian High Commissioners were replaced by Ambassadors/Ministers Plenipotentiary, accredited on the basis of the sovereign's title in Canada still encompassing the whole of Ireland. The main purpose of the Fenians was the creation of an independent Republic of Ireland by means of a secretly prepared armed uprising. The correct name for this country is Ireland, not the "Republic of Ireland".' If there is any confusion in the United Kingdom courts possibly it is due to the terms of the United Kingdom statute named the Ireland Act, 1949 ... That enactment purported to provide that this State should be "referred to ... actually represents the welcome disappearance of one small but significant difference in practice between the British and Irish Governments that the [Belfast Agreement] has made possible. However, the legal description Republic of Ireland is sometimes used when disambiguation is desired between the state and the island of Ireland. It also implicitly recognised that the two names had an identical meaning,[56] by declaring:[56][57], The British government finessed Article 4 and ignored Articles 2 and 3: if the Irish constitution said the name of the state in the national language was Éire, then that (written as "Eire") was what the British government would call it. This policy has been respected by both governments since the Belfast Agreement. Concerning Ireland, it states that its official names are Éire and Ireland; its official name in English is Ireland; its country code is IE; and its former abbreviation was IRL. Both judges also noted that the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 did not change the name of the state as prescribed in the Constitution. Ériu is Old Irish for ‘abundant land’ and it’s modern Irish translation is Éirewhich denotes the island of Ireland Other peninsulas of note include the Beara and Dingle. This too was seen by the British Government as another anti-partitionist attempt to lay claim to the whole of the island. [28][29] However, he said he had "no strong views" and he agreed "that in the English translation the name of the state [would be] Ireland". Some republicans also continue to use the term because they refuse to recognise the Anglo-Irish Treaty – see below). Poblacht was a direct translation coming from the Irish pobal, cognate with the Latin populus. eventually (the Northern Ireland Government would have preferred the name, The part of Ireland referred to in subsection (1) of this section is hereafter in this Act referred to, and may in any Act, enactment or instrument passed or made after the passing of this Act be referred to, by the name attributed thereto by the law thereof, that is to say, as the Republic of Ireland. However, the Irish government, even when led by de Valera, also appreciated the significance of the name Ireland and insisted on that name in some fora. Thursday, 21 July 1949. The terms Republic of Ireland (ROI), the Republic, the 26 counties or the South are the alternative names most often encountered. The Republic of Ireland is the official description of the 26-county Irish state. Under the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166 standard, the two-letter code for Ireland is "IE" while the three-letter code is "IRL". [27] Responding, de Valera stressed that the Irish text of the constitution was to be the foundation text. Who introduced the 1893 Home Rule Ireland... Why did nationalists want Home Rule in... Where should your loyalty lie in the case of family versus a significant other? Two different Irish language names were used: Poblacht na hÉireann and Saorstát Éireann, based on two competing Irish translations of the word republic: Poblacht and Saorstát. ", The following note of what Prime Minister Clement Attlee said at a British Cabinet meeting on 12 January 1949 illustrates some of the considerations the British government had to consider following this declaration:[65], Ultimately, the British responded by passing the Ireland Act 1949 which provided that:[66], It was the culmination of careful consideration by the Prime Minister Attlee. 'The names of political entities and other terms can often be quite contentious. The Constitution gives the Irish language formal precedence over English, and a reflection of this is that Éire is the only name of the Irish state to feature on a range of national symbols including the Seal of the President, postage stamps and Irish euro coins. [42] The IRL code features on Irish driving licences, passports and is most visible on contemporary Irish EU style vehicle registration plates. The term "Republic of Ireland" should be avoided but that delegates were no longer to insist on "the Six Counties" in place of "Northern Ireland" in an attempt to improve relations with Northern Ireland. [9] The shamrock is the symbol of Ireland and legend says that St. Patrick, who is the patron saint of Ireland, used the shamrock to explain the Holy Trinity to the Celts. The Ireland Act 1949 has not been formally repealed by the UK but has been in effect overridden. This resolution took place when the Good Friday Agreement (or Belfast Agreement) was concluded in 1998. Its capital city is Dublin. [56][62] A unique modus vivendi was adopted by the two States when they concluded a bilateral agreement on air services in 1946. Leaders like Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini became synonymous with the control they held over their nations and people. The Irish make up the largest section of Ireland’s population (85%). [n 1][52] The private Guaranteed Irish logo is mostly used by firms in the Republic, but there is one in Northern Ireland.[53]. Walsh and Judge Niall McCarthy expressed the view that where extradition warrants did not use the correct name of the state it was the duty of the courts and of the Gardaí to return such warrants for rectification. The change of name would not, of course, have the same political or national significance if 'Éire' were to be used by foreigners. For example, there is a President of Ireland and a Constitution of Ireland. There are about 500,000 non-Irish nationals, a majority of whom are from Poland (123,000), the UK (103,000) Romania (29,200), and Lithuania (36,550). [59] The change of name effected by the 1937 constitution (but not the other constitutional changes), was given effect in United Kingdom law in the Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938 which covered the Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement between "The Government of Éire and the Government of the United Kingdom". Ireland has large amounts of green shamrock covering the countryside. It's fine but not official. Religious freedom, outlawed in the 18th century, was restored in 1829, but this victory for the Irish Catholic majority was overshadowed by a severe economic depression and the great famine of 1846-48 when the potato crop failed. Shorter colloquial names include "the Republic" or "the South". Its description in the English language is "the Republic of Ireland.". Around 40% of the country's population of 4.9 million people resides in the Greater Dublin Area. Historically, "Eire" was commonly used as a state-name by a variety of organisations. Ireland is not short for Republic of Ireland. The term "Southern Ireland", although only having legal basis from 1920 to 1922, is still seen occasionally, particularly in Britain. The style guides of British news sources adopt differing policies for referring to the state (though notably all deprecate 'Eire' even though it was often used even in the late 20th century): I wonder if the Taoiseach has given any consideration to the extraordinarily bad effect the insertion of the word "Éire" has had. Some argued that it was confusing. He put it that "a refusal to use the title 'Republic of Ireland' in any circumstances would involve [the UK] in continuing friction with the Eire Government: it would perpetuate the "inconveniences and indignities" which we now experience as a result of our present policy of insisting on the title 'Eire' as against Dublin's preference for 'Ireland.'"[67]. The name of the state—both in English and in Irish—was considered in one case in the Irish courts. Responding, Lord Glentoran suggested that Lord Rooker in fact "meant to say that [the draft Regulations recognise] the special place that Ireland occupies in the political life of Northern Ireland." Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. DEA/7545‑B‑40)", The Manchester Guardian, 30 December 1937, https://www.difp.ie/docs/1938/British-Irish-tripartite-agreement-on-trade-finance-and-defence/2321.htm, On Thursday 2 December 1937, the Irish Free State Government sent a Note to the, Circular dated 1 April 1949 from the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs to Heads of Post Abroad (Circular Document No.B38, 836. [68][79][80], The Government Information Bureau in 1953 issued a directive, noting that Article 4 of the 1937 Constitution gave the name as "Éire" or, in the English language, "Ireland"; they noted that whenever the name of the state was mentioned in an English language document, Ireland should be used and that "Care should be taken", the directive stated, "to avoid the use of the expression Republic of Ireland or Irish Republic in such a context or in such a manner as might suggest that it is a geographical term applicable to the area of the Twenty‐Six counties." 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A variety of alternative names are also used for the Irish state. [69] A good example of this was in the Treaty of London, 1949. Austen Morgan, The Belfast Agreement, 2000, p99. GENERAL CONSTITUTIONAL POSITION. For example, in 1938 Irish representatives in the Commonwealth countries gave their official titles as High Commissioner for Ireland and the League of Nations was informed that Ireland was the correct English name for the country. [10] However, Ireland remains the constitutional name of the state. When... Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. The spelling "Eire", with an E rather than an É, is not correct Irish orthography despite being preferred for many years by British government and media.

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