In Beckerath (Lit. Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare Djeser Kheperu (sometimes spelled Smenkhare, Smenkare or Smenkhkara) was a short-lived pharaoh in the late 18th dynasty. Because of this shrine, Davis referred to KV55 as the Tomb of Queen Tiye. Some suggest the fact that a man named Smenkhkare appears in the public record about the same time that Nefertiti disappeared, but was still portrayed as having performed the rites reserved for the heir to the throne at Akhenaten's funeral, indicates that Smenkhkare and Nefertiti were the same person. The tomb was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 1907 by Edward R. Ayrton while working for Theodore M. Davis. If (male) Smenkhkare: unclear, since his family back-ground is unknown. Über den Ablauf der Zeit nach Echnaton werden heute folgende Theorien von namhaften Ägyptologen diskutiert: Fraglich ist, welche Funde Semenchkare zugeordnet werden können und seine Stellung als tatsächlichen König belegen. Carsten Pusch, Albert Zink, Ashraf Selim, Yehia Zakaria et al. However under this theory, Akhenaten would be dead by the time Meritaten became pharaoh as Neferneferuaten. [10] [11], Some Egyptologists have speculated about the possibility of a two- or three-year reign for Smenkhkare based on a number of wine dockets from Amarna that lack a king's name but bear dates for regnal years 2 and 3. Smenkhkare, (flourished 14th century bce ), king (reigned 1335–32 bce) of the 18th dynasty (1539–1292 bce) of ancient Egypt, probably in coregency with Akhenaton, his predecessor, for most of the period. One letter to the JAMA editors came from Arizona State University bioarchaeologist Brenda J. Baker. Dayr al-Barsha Project; Press Release, Dec. 2012; Hornung, E. "The New Kingdom"', in E. Hornung, R. Krauss, and D. A. Warburton, eds., Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. His names translate as ‘Living are the Forms of Re’ and ‘Vigorous is the Soul of Re – Holy of Forms’. A young pharaoh at Amarna, who may be Smenkhkare. A royal vulture pectoral which was found placed on the head of the KV55 mummy. He did not possess the slightest dental pathology and not even the onset of degenerative changes in the spine and joints. Two sets of names ar… Because of this, perhaps no one from the Amarna Interlude has been the s… An examination of the KV55 mummy was conducted in 1998 by Czech anthropologist Eugene Strouhal. It may simply be that they ran out of tombs or time. Smenkhkare as successor to Neferneferuaten, Homosexuality between Akhenaten and Smenkhkare, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDodson2009 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRidley2019 (. The jar may simply be a case of one king associating himself with a predecessor. Ferner deutet das fehlende feminin-T im Namen auf einen Mann. 1, 2, Davis, T.M., The Tomb of Queen Tiyi, (KMT Communications, 1990) p. viii, p. xiv, Strouhal, E. "Biological age of skeletonized mummy from Tomb KV 55 at Thebes" in, Hawass, Gad, 2010; eAppendix; Details of Methods, Results, and Comment, Duhig, Corinne. [5] Dennoch ist die Identität des Mannes weiterhin stark umstritten. However, the body of the KV55 Amarna king has been consistently proven to be that of a young male who was … E 14715. Some speculate that Smenkhkare was actually the wife of Akhenaton, … [30] [31] Neferneferuaten is theorized to be either Nefertiti, Meritaten, or, more rarely, Neferneferuaten Tasherit. Later, she succeed her father and ruled as pharaoh in her own right The main argument against this is a box (Carter 001k) from Tutankhamun's tomb that lists Akhenaten, Neferneferuaten, and Meritaten as three separate individuals. Aside from the tomb of Meryre II, a carved and painted relief showing an, A linen garment decorated with 39 gold daisies along with. When the two pharaohs were still considered the same, male person, theories arose that Smenkhkare and Akhenaten were homosexual lovers or even married. Smenkhkare apparently reigned for about three years, and spent some uncertain length of time as Akhenaten's coregent. They feared he might escape, the priest deciding Egypt's troubles began the year he was born, therefore Smenkhkare must be the cause - possessed by a god. Whatever happened was too abrupt for the completion of the scene featuring Smenkhkare.For the time being, I hold to the theory that Tutankhamen was born to Akhenaten and Nefertiti at Akhetaten not long after Year 12 and that he is the infant shown in the royal tomb on the occasion of the funeral of Princess Meketaten, the second daughter. Smenkhkare (sometimes spelled Smenkhare and Smenkare, and means "Strong is the Soul of Ra") was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, successor of the heretic Akhenaten, and predecessor of Tutankhamen.He reigned only briefly: both Smenkhkare and Akhenaten died in year 17 of Akhenaten's reign (1334/1333 BC), and Tutankhamen's reign began within a year of Akhenaten's death. [74], The tomb was once again entered some time later, in the 19th, 20th or 21st Dynasty (opinions vary). To understand more about Tutankhamun and to possibly deduce who his father was, one must first understand the so-called “Amarna Period.” The Amarna Period generally refers to the period from the end of Amunhotep III’s rule (reigned ca. Since he died young and reigned so briefly, he would not have had time to make and accumulate the grave goods befitting a king. For him to have succeeded Neferneferuaten means that aside from a lone wine docket, he left not a single trace over the course of five to six years. There has been much confusion in identifying artifacts related to Smenkhkare because another pharaoh from the Amarna Period bears the same or similar royal titularly. Die Resultate sind 2010 publiziert worden und deuten sehr stark darauf, dass die Mumie in KV55 Echnaton und nicht Semenchkare ist, da er als Sohn von Teje und Amenophis III. Fraglich ist, welche Funde Semenchkare zugeordnet werden können und seine Stellung als tatsächlichen König belegen. Academic consensus has yet to be reached about when exactly Smenkhkare ruled as pharaoh and where he falls in the timeline of Amarna. Several items from the tomb of Tutankhamun bear the name of Smenkhkare: As the evidence came to light in bits and pieces at a time when Smenkhkare was assumed to have also used the name Neferneferuaten, perhaps at the start of his sole reign, it sometimes defied logic. Unstrittig ist, dass es sich hier um ein Grab aus der Amarnazeit handelt, das im Tal der Könige angesiedelt ist. The mummy discovered in the tomb rested in a desecrated rishi coffin and the owner's name had been removed. Der später verfemte Echnaton starb vermutlich im 17. Because of this, perhaps no one from the Amarna Interlude has been the subject of so much speculation as Smenkhkare. [50] Over the past century, the chief candidates for this individual have been either Akhenaten or Smenkhkare.[51][52][53]. [9] A second wine docket dated to Year 1 refers to him as "Smenkhkare, (deceased)" and may indicate that he died during his first regnal year. [34][35], All but a few cartouches that are identified with Neferneferuaten include the epithets "...desired of Neferkheperure" and "...desired of Wa en Re." A growing body of work soon began to appear to dispute the assessment of the age of the mummy and the identification of KV55 as Akhenaten. Smenkhkare's origins Nearly the biggest mystery associated with Smenkhkare was where he came from. Continue Reading Below. In comparison to the theories mentioned above, Marc Gabolde has advocated that Smenkhkare's Great Royal Wife, Meritaten, became Pharaoh Neferneferuaten after her husband's death. [8] The queen would then be identified as Smenkhkare's confirmed wife, Meritaten. Smenkhkare (sometimes erroneously spelled Smenkhare or Smenkare and meaning Vigorous is the Soul of Ra) was an ephemeral Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh (1335-1333 BCE) of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, of whom very little is known for certain. His birth name was Smenkh-ka-re (or Djeser-kheperu, meaning "Vigorous is the Soul of Re, Holy of Manifestations"). There, Smenkhkare wears the khepresh crown, however he is called the son-in-law of Akhenaten. He was never properly mummified, final insurance if he were truly a god. The is Nefernefdruaten-Smenkhkare question always nags at me. [15] After Neferneferuaten's short rule of two or three years, accoridng to Allen, Smenkhkare became pharaoh. Believed by a growing number of experts to be the mummy found in KV55, he is thought to be a younger son of Amenhotep III and queen Tiye, and therefore a younger … Allen proposes that following Nefertiti's death in Year 13 or 14, her daughter Neferneferuaten-tasherit became Pharaoh Neferneferuaten. [72] Something similar may well have struck Amarna, if not Egypt. There is nothing in the tomb positively identified as belonging to Smenkhkare, nor is his name found there. 1403-1364 BC) until the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty of the New Kingdom. Seine Herkunft liegt noch immer im Dunkeln, sein Ende ebenso. [2], Smenkhkare's origins are relatively unknown. Untersuchungen von Wissenschaftlern in jüngerer Zeit haben ergeben, dass sie ursprünglich lauteten „Semench-ka-Re Djeser-chepru-re“ und „die Große Königsgemahlin Meritaton“. Miller, J. [32] Typically, throne names in Ancient Egypt tended to be unique. Chr.) Musée du Louvre, Paris. The nature of the debris, rubble fill and cement retaining wall suggest the desecration and attempt to remove the shrine of Tiye did not happen until later. [12] However, they could belong to any of the Amarna kings and are not definitive proof either way.[13]. Every one of his six daughters, whenever referred to in writings from the period, was repeatedly called … Painted limestone. He ruled as Amenhotep IV until he changed his name and tried to get the Egyptians to worship the one god Aten, … Dynastie (Neues Reich), welcher etwa von 13361333 v. Chr. Die Beinamen (Epitheta) der oben angeführten Thron- und Eigennamen werden wie folgt übersetzt: Anch-cheperu-Re, Nefer-neferu-Aton wird also geliebt von Echnaton, denn alle Beinamen gehören zum Titular des Echnaton. Funnily enough, that is the only depiction we have of ‘him’. (Since we know so little about Smenkhkare, he cannot be completely ruled out.)[61]. In point of fact, he may never have ruled on his own, though in the later years of Akhenaten reign, he was probably a co-regent. Evidence to support the much older claim was not provided beyond the single point of spinal degeneration. Nach Ansicht einiger Forscher war Semenchkare der Nachfolger Echnatons. Man kennt bis heute kein Grab, keine eindeutig identifizierte Mumie, keine Statue, keine Stele mit dem Namen dieses Königs. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3822010. Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare Djeser Kheperu (sometimes spelled Smenkhare, Smenkare or Smenkhkara) was a short-lived pharaoh in the late 18th dynasty. kopierten beispielsweise sowohl Nestor L’Hote als auch Achille Prisse-d’Avennes dasselbe Relief in der Hauptkammer. Whe… [29] Neferneferuaten has since been identified as a female pharaoh who ruled during the Amarna Period and is generally accepted as a separate person from Smenkhkare. Smenkhkare (alternatively romanized Smenkhare, Smenkare, or Smenkhkara; meaning "'Vigorous is the Soul of Re") was an Egyptian pharaoh of unknown background who lived and ruled during the Amarna Period of the 18th Dynasty. [4] Danach waren für das Jahr 2009 DNS-Untersuchungen geplant, um weitere Daten zu gewinnen. There, Meritaten is explicitly listed as Great Royal Wife. In der 19. Second, the absence of epithets in the cartouche most likely refers to Smenkhkare. Dodson A. In 2010, genetic tests and CT scans were performed with some of the results published in JAMA and reported in National Geographic, including a TV special. Gleiches scheint für den Sarg zu gelten, der heute nach Restaurierung des Sargdeckels für Echnatons Sarg gehalten wird. Einzig im Grab von Merire II. She was born in around 1348 BC in the city of Thebes. Baker also uses a photograph of the pubic symphysis of the pelvis to narrow the age of KV55 to 18–23 based on recent techniques used in osteology and forensic anthropology.[69]. Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Smenkhkare has received more than 522,584 page views. Letztendlich: der Name „Semenchkare“ erscheint auf den Truhen nicht. Diese Funde werden häufig als Belege für diesen König angeführt, jedoch nennen sie alle nicht zusammenhängend explizit den Namen Semenchkare mit seinem Thronnamen, sondern vorwiegend allein den Thronnamen eines Herrschers namens Anch-cheperu-Re. For example, stele in Berlin depicts a pair of royal figures, one in the double crown and the other, who appears more feminine, in the khepresh crown. Egyptian pharaoh. XIII C. XLIV. She concluded:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The human remains from Tomb 55, as presented to me, are those of a young man who had no apparent abnormalities and was no older than his early twenties at death and probably a few years younger.[54]. Smenkhkare’s origin and identity remain among the unresolved issues of the Amarna period. It appeared that he had died closer to the age of 40 than 25, as originally thought. His names translate as 'Living are the Forms of Re' and 'Vigorous is the Soul of Re - Holy of Forms'. As evidenced by the tomb of Meryre, work appears to have abruptly halted on the Amarna tombs after Year 13. Early Life . These were largely in keeping with the previous results (18–26 years) allowing for the technologies available. So erscheint in der Königsliste von Abydos im dortigen Tempel von Sethos I. Haremhab als direkter Nachfolger von Amenophis III. Es ist zwar stark beschädigt, zeigt aber einen König und eine Königin, deren Kartuschen allerdings zerstört wurden. Hier hat man das jedoch nicht getan. This has been interpreted to mean that Nefertiti may have at one point been something like a coregent as indicated by the crown, but not entitled to full pharaonic honors such as the double cartouche. And presented with ‘his’ GRW still think ‘him’. His name can also be found as Smenkhkara. The authors [Hawass et al in JAMA] place this individual’s age at the time of death at 35–45, despite producing no evidence that repudiates well-known prior examinations citing the age in the 18–26 range. Smenkhkare (alternatively romanized Smenkhare, Smenkare, or Smenkhkara; meaning "'Vigorous is the Soul of Re") was an Egyptian pharaoh of unknown background who lived and ruled during the Amarna Period of the 18th Dynasty. Wikipedia. [16] Smenkhkare and Meritaten appear together in the tomb of Meryre II at Amarna, rewarding Meryre. Bei der Mumie aus KV55 handelt es sich um ein männliches Skelett. bis Echnaton: von diesen beiden Königen selbst sowie von Teje, Kija, Sitamun und Tutanchamun. However, this is the only object known to carry both names side-by-side. Regierungsjahr und dessen Nachfolger Eje in seinem 4. [55][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] Where Filer and Strouhal (below) relied on multiple indicators to determine the younger age, the new study cited one point to indicate a much older age. After the capital moved from Amarna, Akhenaten's successor might have faced a shortage of tombs for royal reburials.[71]. Left alone in a tomb with few of the trappings of the typical Ancient Egyptian burial, the KV55 mummy appears to be not so much buried as disposed of. However, the set of three empty cartouches can only account for the names of a king and queen. Anyway, if Smenkhkare was buried in the coffin of KV55, he is more likely to have really existed, but we could assume easily that he was not buried in a proper way as the 11th pharaoh of the the 18th dynasty. The period is named for the modern village where Amunhotep III’s son and successor, Amunhotep IV/Akhenaten (ruled ca. His reign was during the Amarna Period, a time when Akhenaten sought to impose new religious views. Regierungsjahr. Ankhesenamun (ˁnḫ-s-n-imn, "Her Life Is of Amun"; c. 1348 – after 1322 BC) was a queen of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.Born as Ankhesenpaaten, she was the third of six known daughters of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti, and became the Great Royal Wife of her half-brother Tutankhamun. identifiziert wurde. Aldred, Cyril, Akhenaten: King of Egypt ,Thames and Hudson, 1991 (paperback), Miller, J. Some … [75] Others suggest that after desecrating Akhenaten's burial, including perhaps the destruction of his mummy, Smenkhkare was placed in Akhenaten's coffin.[76]. Aidan Dodson suggests that Smenkhkare did not have a sole reign and only served as Akhenaten's co-regent for about a year around Regnal Year 13. When Nefertiti was fifteen years old, she married Amenhotep IV, who was a year older and became king upon his father's death. [37] The issue of a female Neferneferuaten was finally settled for the remaining holdouts when Allen confirmed Marc Gabolde's findings that objects from Tutankhamun's tomb originally inscribed for Neferneferuaten which had been read using the epithet "...desired of Akhenaten" were originally inscribed as Akhet-en-hyes or "effective for her husband."[38][39]. Inv.nr. It was during this entry that Akhenaten's name and likeness were attacked where it could be found. At the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty, the royal family had prepared tombs in Amarna, rather than in the traditional burial grounds at Thebes. Per Dodson's theory, Smenkhkare served only as co-regent with Akhenaten and never had an individual rule and Nefertiti became co-regent and eventual successor to Akhenaten. versucht, die Epoche seit Echnatons Regierungsbeginn und seiner direkten Nachfolger aus der Geschichte zu tilgen (Damnatio memoriae). [23] There, Nefertiti is referred to as the pharaoh's Great Royal Wife.[24][25]. [70], Other criticisms surround what the project did not do. During the first five years of Amenhotep's reign, Nefertiti enjoyed a high profile. [73] The seals date to the late 18th Dynasty indicating the tomb was entered and resealed probably under the reign of Tutankhamun. Read more on Wikipedia. I don't think it means anything. He is to be distinguished from his immediate … In 1978, it was proposed that there were two individuals using the same name: a male king Smenkhkare and a female Neferneferuaten. Die unbeschrifteten Kanopenkrüge waren ursprünglich für eine Frau gefertigt (vermutlich Kija), sind jedoch für einen König umgearbeitet worden. Im Januar 1907 entdeckte Edward R. Ayrton im Tal der Könige ein bisher unbekanntes Grab, Grab KV55. The KV55 mummy was also examined by Harris in 1988, but only an abstract of the results was published, and most recently by Hawass, Gad et al. Akhenaton (rappeur) Akhenaton (rappeur) 1 Akhenaton (rappeur) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Akhénaton (homonymie). Smenkhkare (sometimes erroneously spelled Smenkhare or Smenkare and meaning Vigorous is the Soul of Ra) was an ephemeral Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, of whom very little is known for certain.Believed by a growing number of experts to be the mummy from KV55, he is believed to be a younger son of Amenhotep III and queen Tiye, and therefore a younger brother of Akhenaten. [74] The mummy itself was relatively unmolested: the wrappings were undisturbed but royal insignia were removed and various gold items were left behind including the gold vulture collar on the head of the mummy. Für sich betrachtet erscheint diese Theorie schlüssig zu sein, woraus schnell eine homosexuelle Verbindung von Echnaton und Semenchkare konstruiert wurde. If true, he would further be the child of King Suppiluliuma and Queen Henti and have several brothers, including Mursili II, Arnuwanda II, Piyassili, and Telipinu. [5] Inscriptions mention a King's Daughter named Meritaten Tasherit, who may be the daughter of Meritaten and Smenkhkare. Allerdings hat die dünne Beweislage dazu geführt, alle wegen vollständig fehlender Inschriften nicht identifizierbaren königlichen Objekte aus der Amarnazeit Semenchkare zuzuschreiben. Semenchkare war vermutlich ein altägyptischer König (Pharao) der 18. Since the KV55 mummy is conclusively a close relative of Tutankhamun, if not his father, why such a haphazard burial? [17] The names of the king have since been cut out but were recorded around 1850 by Karl Lepsius. Furthermore, work is believed to have halted on the Amarna tombs shortly after Year 13. Soon after that, her father left the city and founded a new city called Akhetaten, in honor of his God, Aten. Further, his name appears only during Akhenaten's reign without certain evidence to attest to a sole reign. ... King (Akhenaton) and as son born by the Great Royal. Die Mumienbänder, mit denen sie umwickelt war, trugen den Namen Echnatons (Arthur Weigall). The evidence concerning Smenkhkare is sparse and patchy, and theories about Smenkhkare are built on very unstable foundations. Chr.) Born Smenkh-ka-re or Djeser-kheperu. Smenkhkare would be in a particularly bad situation. kaum mehr feststellbar ist“. 1334 BC. In particular, the confusion of his identity compared to that of Pharoah Neferneferuaten has led to considerable academic debate about the order of kings in the late Amarna Period. : Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten… MÄS 46, S. Allen notes that the everyday interaction portrayed in them more likely indicates two living people.[21]. 113.) For instance, when the mortuary wine docket surfaced from the 'House of Smenkhkare (deceased)', it seemed to appear that he changed his name back before he died. If so, he would have been a maximum of five years old in Year 17, his … The case for Akhenaten rests largely on the 'magic bricks' and the reworking of some of the inscriptions on the coffin. Aaron, or Smenkhkare, was pharaoh for a short interim period when Akhenaten was forced to abdicate when he tried to impose only one god (named Aten) on the Egyptians. Very little is known of Smenkhkare for certain because later kings sought to erase the Amarna Period from history. It is generally accepted that the coffin was originally intended for a female and later reworked to accommodate a male. Dylan Bickerstaffe calls it "almost perverse" that the mysterious "boy on a boat" found in KV35 was not tested while the "Elder Lady" and "Younger Lady" found there were. Aber auch diese Aussage ist wieder umstritten, denn nach den jüngsten Meldungen des ägyptischen Antikendienstes soll es sich jetzt um einen etwa 45–60-jährigen Mann handeln, wie jüngste CT-Untersuchungen ergeben hätten. (Helck: 13241319, Rolf Krauss: 13351332 v. [56] The serological tests indicated KV55 and Tutankhamun shared the same rare blood type. This is because of artwork clearly showing Akhenaten in familiar, intimate poses with another pharaoh. : MÄS 46) Semenchkare zugeordnet: Den Thronnamen des Königs trägt bereits eine Königin: „Anchet-cheperu-Re merit wa-en-Re“ (ˁnḫ.t-ḫpr.w-Rˁ mrj.t wˁ n Rˁ), wobei die T-Endungen von „anchet“ und „merit“ jeweils die feminine Form sind.[16]. März 2021 um 00:40 Uhr bearbeitet. Folgende Namen werden nach von Beckerath (Lit. Die Inschrift verweist auf einen bisher nicht lokalisierten Totentempel des Königs und enthält das teilweise zerstörte Titular T1-E2, aber nicht den Namen Semenchkare (auch wenn in der Literatur das Titular oft als „Semenchkare“ übertragen wird – hier schreibt wohl einer vom anderen ab). "The remains of Pharaoh Akhenaten are not yet identified: comments on 'Biological age of the skeletonised mummy from Tomb KV55 at Thebes (Egypt)' by Eugen Strouhal" in. Akhenaten (meaning Glorious Spirit of Aten) was originally born named Amenhotep (meaning Amen is pleased). : El-Mahdy, S. 346). Beispiele sind „Spaziergang im Garten“ und „Statuenkopf eines Königs“ im Museum Berlin. The identity of the Pharaoh whose praenomen is Ankhkheprure, who is usually known as Smenkhkare, is somewhat mysterious. [33], There are two main methods for differentiating between the two pharaohs. [19] This evidence has been taken by some Egyptologists to indicate that Akhenaten and Smenkhkare were co-regents. The simple association of names, particularly on everyday objects, is not conclusive of a co-regency. steht dazu folgendes: „Demnach kommt Anchet-chepru-Re nur noch als Thronname der Nofretete in Betracht; sie scheint von Ach-en-Aten (Echnaton) in den späteren Jahren seiner Regierung zur Mitregentin erhoben worden zu sein“. Wente used craniofacial analysis in 1995 (as well as examining past X-rays) to examine a cache of mummies, mostly from the 18th Dynasty, in order to sort out the relationships and true identities of each. Wente had noted that the mummies of both Tutankamun and KV55 bore a very strong craniofacial similarity to the mummy of Thutmose IV, yet this mummy was not tested. Alternatively, once the feminine traces were discovered in some versions of the throne names, it was proposed that Nefertiti was masquerading as Smenkhkare and later changed her name back to Neferneferuaten.

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